SMART DISTANCE METER.

Distance measuring device is a device that is used to measure the length between two points or more. The distance measurement can be little bit difficult if the targets that want to be measured are far from reaching or high. The purpose of this project is to design and create a better distance better distance measurement that can encounter the measuring problem. An ultrasonic measuring device is proposed to solve the problem as the ultrasonic using an ultrasonic sound. The ultrasonic transducer is operating at frequencies in between 40 kHz to 250 kHz. The concept for the project is using the LCD screen and displayed the reading of distance measured and user can use switch button when measure value is taken. in the circuit, there have Store switch. Besides that, the project using Memory card, which treated as the main component in hardware part, that can save measurements, where the ATMEGA 328P will control the whole operation of the circuit while the measurement is executed

CHAPTER ONE

1.0 INTRODUCTION

Measuring a distance by using a smart meter is greet for use now day. In construction and for domestic usage, the measurement is from tape meter and other distance measure equipment. Distance Measurement using microcontroller and Ultrasonic Sensor. The ultrasonic sensor is consisting of Transmitter and Receiver modules. Transmitter part ejects the pulse out and the receiver part receives the pulse. If an obstacle is placed before the sensor, the transmitted pulse ejected strike the obstacle and reflected back. The reflected pulse is received by the receiver part. The time between transmission and reception is calculated. This data is processed to calculate distance

1.1 Background

This project implemented the ultrasonic sensor. Ultrasonic technology is one of the solutions used to optimized balance between cost and the device features. The ultrasonic distance measurer is used 'mainly when a non-contact measurer is required. The Smart Distance Measurement Detector using ATMEGA 328P is an efficient way to measure distance and check measurement value that is stored in memory, where the device can record and recall distance measurements, 'allowing several readings to be taken before copying them into paper.

1.2 PROBLEM STATEMENT

In the construction field, the usage of electronic measuring device is still not widely used yet. Due to the high cost of these equipment’s at market, an economic way needs to think of in order to create an accurate measuring device with low cost. Nowadays, measuring distance is considered as problem in construction field or indoor measuring activities because this task is made by using measuring tape. The problem will occur when using measuring tape where we need at least 2 persons to measure between two distances. Besides, it is not having a perfect accuracy due to parallax and obstacle in their way.

Therefore, this project is necessary to do the process of measurement quickly and accurate without doing measurement manually, it also has the advantages to store measurement as many as 32 memories at one time.

1.2.1 Main objective

The main objective of this project is to minimize/reduce/eliminate parallax error, calibration error and using long time to get reading.

1.2.2 Specific objective

To design an electronics smart distance meter that allows multi activities to take place in many fields.

To design an electronics smart distance meter that can save data in MEMORY CARD by reducing data loss.

1.3 Methodology

On performing my project, the following methods are used in order to achieve the objectives of the project.

1.3.1 Literature review

Under literature review, the reading different books, consulting lecturers, notes from the class, visiting websites, explain the features, operations and limitation of both existing system and proposed system.

1.3.2 Data collection

The data were collected from different sources such as web site, domestic keepers, magazines and radio.

1.3.3 Data analysis

The analysis has been done according to the operation of circuit by using different formulas.

1.3.4 Designing the circuit

The circuit has been designed to measure distance.

1.3.5 Simulation

Proteus professional software can have been used to simulate the circuit in order to determine whether the circuit works or not.

1.3.6 Building prototype

The circuit has been built on PCB board by using physical connection of components

1.3.7Testing the prototype

It was done by comparing the results from simulation and those that has been observed after building the circuit.

1.3.8 Report writing

This involves preparation of the report book to include all activities conducted in first semester and second semester such as literature review, data collection, data analysis, designing, simulation, building, testing and report writing.

CHAPTER TWO

2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 The existing system:

This project is to design and create a better distance better distance measurement that can encounter the measuring problem. An ultrasonic measuring device is proposed to solve the problem as the ultrasonic using an ultrasonic sound. The ultrasonic transducer is operating at frequencies in between 40 kHz to 250 kHz. The concept for the project is using the LCD screen and displayed the reading of distance measured

2.1.1 Disadvantages of existing system

Reading obtained from the field can’t be used for feature because haven’t stored.

2.2 Proposed system

for the project is using the LCD screen and displayed the reading of distance measured and user can save measurement to memory card for future uses.

2.2.1 Advantages of proposed system

Save time to take measurement.
Reduce/ eliminate/minimize the parallax and obstacle in their way.
Allow multi activities to take place in distance measurement.

2.3 BLOCK DIAGRAM OF THE PROPOSED SYSTEM

Figure 2: The block diagram of the proposed system

2.4 ULTRASONIC SENSOR

Ultrasonic (US) sensors are also widely used to measure distances. Thus, they have provided a reliable source of obstacle detections. Since they are not vision based, they are useful under conditions of poor lighting and transparent objects. However, ultrasonic sensors have limitations due to their wide beam-width, sensitivity to specular surfaces, and the inability to discern objects within 0.5 m. Because of the typical specular nature of the ultrasonic wave’s reflection, only reflecting objects that are almost normal to the sensor acoustic axis may be accurately detected. Most ultrasonic sensors use a single transducer to both transmit the sound pulse and receive the reflected echo, typically operating at frequencies between 40 kHz and 250 kHz. A variety of different types of transducers are used in these systems. Ultrasonic is one of the distances measuring sensors that had been studied.

Ultrasonic transducers measure the amount of time taken for a pulse of sound to travel to a particular surface and return as the reflected echo Typically, an b ultrasonic rangefinder sends a 'ping' and waits to hear an echo. Sound waves propagate from the transmitter and bounce off objects, returning an echo to the receiver (below left). If the speed of sound is known, the distance to an object can be calculated from the time delay between the emitted and reflected sounds. While the principle of calculating distance from the time of travel is simple, there are many limiting factors to consider. Sound diverges very rapidly, so transducers are carefully designed to produce as small a beam as possible. While some applications require a wide beam, a narrow beam improves the range and reduces background interference. There is a direct relationship between beam width and target surface angle: the wider the beam, the greater the possible angle between the transducer and the surface. When the angle is too great (>12 degrees), the reflected beam misses the transducer as Figure 2. While some surfaces may produce scattered diffuse reflections, these are much weaker and are not used for distance measuring purposes.

Figure 3: The ultrasonic sensor

2.5 PROPOSED CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

Figure 4: The proposed circuit diagram of system.

2.5.1 General operation of the proposed circuit system

The operation of the system depends on changes of temperature. The 9V DC voltage is used to energize the smart distance meter system. This system employs the use of ultrasonic sensor as distance sensing device. It works on the principle that Distance Measurement using microcontroller and Ultrasonic Sensor. The ultrasonic sensor is consisting of Transmitter and Receiver modules. Transmitter part ejects the pulse out and the receiver part receives the pulse. If an obstacle is placed before the sensor, the transmitted pulse ejected strike the obstacle and reflected back. The reflected pulse is received by the receiver part. The time between transmission and reception is calculated. This data is processed to calculate distance.

CHAPTER THREE

3.0 DATA COLLECTION

In accomplishing the project data were collected from different sources apart from internet Browsing and reading different books data were also collected from circuit components.

3.1Circuit components

Table 1: Specification of components.

	COMPONENTS	DESCRIPTIONS	QUANTITIES	COST
1	BATTERY	9V	2	4000/=
2	VOLTAGE REGURATORY	LM7805	1	2000/=
3	TERMINAL BLOCK	2 HOLES	4	2000/=
4	ARDUINO CONNECTOR	20 HOLES	4	4000/=
5	Variable resistor	10kΏpotentiometer	1	500/=
6	Liquid crystal display	16x2	1	15000/=
7	I2C	MODULE	1	10000/=
8	MICROCONTROLLER IC	ATMEGA 328P	1	15000/=
9	CLYSTAL OSCILLATOR	16KHZ	1	2000/=
10	CAPACITOR	1000Uf,22pf,100nf	@2	3000/=
	COMPONENTS	DESCRIPTIONS	QUANTITIES	COST
11	IC BASE	28 PIN	1	1000/=
12	UTRASONIC SENSOR	HC-SRO4	1	15000/=
13	MEMORY CARD READER	MODULE	1	15000/=
14	WATER PROOF BOX	150mm *130mm	1	15000/=
15	SOLDER WIRE	COPPER	20m	10000/=
16	JUMPER WIRE	RED, BLUE, BLACK, ORRANG	30	3000/=

3.2 Key Formulas

To measure the distance the sound has traveled we use the formula:

Distance = (Time x Speed Of Sound) / 2.

The "2" is in the formula because the sound has to travel back and forth. First, the sound travels away from the sensor, and then it bounces off of a surface and returns back.